R&D Spending

Israel has the highest R&D Spending (2023) of any country, at 6.35 % of GDP. It is followed by Liechtenstein (6.01) and South Korea (4.94).

R&D Spending — 83 countries (% of GDP)
1	Israel	6.35
2	Liechtenstein	6.01
3	South Korea	4.94
4	Sweden	3.60
5	United States of America	3.45
6	Japan	3.44
7	Belgium	3.27
8	Austria	3.26
9	Switzerland	3.22
10	Germany	3.15
11	Finland	3.09
12	Denmark	3.05
13	United Kingdom	2.68
14	Iceland	2.64
15	China	2.58
16	Netherlands	2.27
17	France	2.18
18	Slovenia	2.13
19	Norway	1.85
20	Estonia	1.84
21	Czechia	1.83
22	Canada	1.81
23	Portugal	1.69
24	Ireland	1.59
25	Poland	1.56
26	New Zealand	1.55
27	Spain	1.49
28	Greece	1.49
29	Turkey	1.42
30	Croatia	1.39
31	Hungary	1.38
32	Italy	1.38
33	Brazil	1.19
34	Hong Kong	1.11
35	Luxembourg	1.07
36	Lithuania	1.05
37	Egypt	1.03
38	Slovakia	1.03
39	Russia	0.94
40	Thailand	0.94
41	Serbia	0.88
42	Latvia	0.82
43	Kenya	0.80
44	Bulgaria	0.79
45	Rwanda	0.78
46	Uruguay	0.70
47	Cyprus	0.68
48	Malta	0.65
49	Argentina	0.60
50	Belarus	0.57
51	Romania	0.52
52	Saudi Arabia	0.49
53	Uganda	0.44
54	Vietnam	0.41
55	Cuba	0.39
56	Algeria	0.38
57	Oman	0.38
58	North Macedonia	0.37
59	Costa Rica	0.34
60	Ukraine	0.32
61	Macau	0.27
62	Mexico	0.27
63	Georgia	0.25
64	Moldova	0.22
65	Bosnia and Herz.	0.19
66	Armenia	0.18
67	Azerbaijan	0.18
68	Peru	0.18
69	Pakistan	0.16
70	Panama	0.16
71	Mali	0.15
72	Kazakhstan	0.14
73	Paraguay	0.14
74	Bhutan	0.11
75	Uzbekistan	0.11
76	Burkina Faso	0.10
77	Kuwait	0.10
78	El Salvador	0.10
79	Lesotho	0.09
80	Turkmenistan	0.09
81	Kyrgyzstan	0.05
82	Myanmar	0.02
83	Guatemala	0.01

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